Senin, 30 Maret 2020

A place that makes you ask the questions that really matter - BBC News

Visitors to Antarctica are often awed and humbled by its size, and its extreme climate. But it also caused the BBC's Justin Rowlatt to reflect on the human ability to solve problems together - and to feel hope for the future.

We take off from a glacier near McMurdo, the main US research centre in Antarctica, heading for the middle of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.

After an hour all you can see out of the small circular window is ice stretching to the far horizon.

An hour later, the same.

The following hour, no change…

You get the picture.

We finally land after three-and-a-half hours in the air.

The nearest human habitation - the US scientific base we flew from - is now as far from us as Moscow is from London… and there is only ice in between.

The sheer size of the ice sheet makes it almost impossible for visitors not to reflect on the insignificance of an individual human being.

"It makes you feel so small," is what everyone says.

But dig a bit deeper and you discover most people don't mean they feel a sense of threat; Antarctica doesn't belittle you.

In fact, lots of people find there is something reassuring about being in the presence of something so much bigger and stronger than they are.

Gabrielle Walker, the author of my favourite book about Antarctica, writes about this.

We all like to think we are important, she says. But that feeling brings a certain responsibility: if you are important you've got something to prove.

"Here you have nothing to prove because you can only submit," says Gabrielle.

You can't feel important in this vast place.

And if you aren't important then things become a lot simpler.

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Antarctica gives you the freedom to ask yourself the questions that really matter, she says.

What is important to me?

What should I be doing with my life?

Who do I really miss while I am here and why?

And who misses me?

Lots of people are probably asking similar questions as they hunker down at home in the face of the threat of the coronavirus.

But, when I finally get to the front of the enormous glacier that the scientists I'm accompanying are here to study, that sense of insignificance dissolves.

It feels like I've reached the front line of climate change: the place where the equilibrium that has held our world in balance for tens of thousands of years is beginning to slip and crash.

It is impossible to mistake the epic forces at work here.

It is like a scream of anguish caught in the single frame of a photograph.

The glacier is being torn and shattered.

In places the ice is almost a mile high and is collapsing into the sea at a rate of three miles a year along a front more than 100 miles long… and the whole process is accelerating.

Needless to say, this acceleration - which is affecting the entire West Antarctic Ice Sheet - is the result of the global warming gases our lifestyles produce.

It explodes the impression that the ice here is overwhelming.

In fact, the opposite is true, we are overwhelming the ice.

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I am surprised how moved I am by what I've seen.

A colleague interviews me for a programme we are making and I burst into tears.

It takes me days to process my emotions.

I think about the chain of people who have made this expedition possible: the pilots and aircrew, the people back at the research station who sift the rubbish and cook the meals, the men and women who drive the trucks and groom the ice runways.

We wouldn't be here without them.

Or the people who agreed the project and signed the cheques.

Or the people who paid their taxes, raising the money in the first place.

Or, for that matter, my wife looking after the kids back home.

Our small team has only been able reach the front of this glacier because of a huge human enterprise.

It is only by coming together as a community that we can reach remote places like this and only by coming to places like this can we can understand what is happening to our world and what it is likely to mean for us all.

And, of course, it is only by coming together as a community that we can cut the emissions causing global warming.

I'm flying back to the research station at McMurdo when I feel a stir of something I haven't felt for a while - hope.

It is sometimes claimed that greed, violence and conflict are the key features of humanity, but that is wrong.

The defining human characteristic throughout history is actually our ability to co-operate.

You may also be interested in:

READ: What is climate change? A really simple guide

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2020-03-30 12:04:53Z
CBMiKWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LmJiYy5jb20vbmV3cy9zdG9yaWVzLTUyMDY2MjM40gEtaHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmJjLmNvbS9uZXdzL2FtcC9zdG9yaWVzLTUyMDY2MjM4

The US Space Force Is About to Finally Leave the Planet - Futurism

Go Time

The recently-formed U.S. Space Force will actually venture out into orbit for the first time on Thursday.

The mission, which will send a military communication satellite into orbit from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, is still on track for its 3 p.m. EST launch, according to Ars Technica. That’s because, unlike other groups like SpaceX and NASA, military spaceports in the U.S. have thus far escaped unscathed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Bare Bones

However, the mission has been altered somewhat by the pandemic, even if the launch itself is proceeding as scheduled. Ars Technica reports that the usual fanfare surrounding a rocket launch, like a social media event and other forms of outreach, have been cancelled.

That said, people can still watch the launch if they so desire on this livestream.

Final Piece

If the Space Force mission succeeds, the U.S. military will be able to bring online a new constellation of communication satellites. With the satellite that’s being launched today in place, the military will finally be able to replace the outdated network that it’s been relying on.

Five of the six satellites in the new network are already in place, Ars Technica reports. Some have been waiting in geostationary orbit for ten full years, as the military has been slowly sending them up since 2010.

READ MORE: For the first time, the US Space Force will actually go to space today [Ars Technica]

More on space: Space Force Working “Pretty Closely With Elon Musk and SpaceX”

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2020-03-30 10:47:13Z
52780688449892

The US Space Force Is About to Finally Leave the Planet - Futurism

Go Time

The recently-formed U.S. Space Force will actually venture out into orbit for the first time on Thursday.

The mission, which will send a military communication satellite into orbit from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, is still on track for its 3 p.m. EST launch, according to Ars Technica. That’s because, unlike other groups like SpaceX and NASA, military spaceports in the U.S. have thus far escaped unscathed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Bare Bones

However, the mission has been altered somewhat by the pandemic, even if the launch itself is proceeding as scheduled. Ars Technica reports that the usual fanfare surrounding a rocket launch, like a social media event and other forms of outreach, have been cancelled.

That said, people can still watch the launch if they so desire on this livestream.

Final Piece

If the Space Force mission succeeds, the U.S. military will be able to bring online a new constellation of communication satellites. With the satellite that’s being launched today in place, the military will finally be able to replace the outdated network that it’s been relying on.

Five of the six satellites in the new network are already in place, Ars Technica reports. Some have been waiting in geostationary orbit for ten full years, as the military has been slowly sending them up since 2010.

READ MORE: For the first time, the US Space Force will actually go to space today [Ars Technica]

More on space: Space Force Working “Pretty Closely With Elon Musk and SpaceX”

Let's block ads! (Why?)


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2020-03-30 09:45:44Z
52780688449892

The US Space Force Is About to Finally Leave the Planet - Futurism

Go Time

The recently-formed U.S. Space Force will actually venture out into orbit for the first time on Thursday.

The mission, which will send a military communication satellite into orbit from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, is still on track for its 3 p.m. EST launch, according to Ars Technica. That’s because, unlike other groups like SpaceX and NASA, military spaceports in the U.S. have thus far escaped unscathed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Bare Bones

However, the mission has been altered somewhat by the pandemic, even if the launch itself is proceeding as scheduled. Ars Technica reports that the usual fanfare surrounding a rocket launch, like a social media event and other forms of outreach, have been cancelled.

That said, people can still watch the launch if they so desire on this livestream.

Final Piece

If the Space Force mission succeeds, the U.S. military will be able to bring online a new constellation of communication satellites. With the satellite that’s being launched today in place, the military will finally be able to replace the outdated network that it’s been relying on.

Five of the six satellites in the new network are already in place, Ars Technica reports. Some have been waiting in geostationary orbit for ten full years, as the military has been slowly sending them up since 2010.

READ MORE: For the first time, the US Space Force will actually go to space today [Ars Technica]

More on space: Space Force Working “Pretty Closely With Elon Musk and SpaceX”

Let's block ads! (Why?)


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2020-03-30 09:45:39Z
52780688449892

The US Space Force Is About to Finally Leave the Planet - Futurism

Go Time

The recently-formed U.S. Space Force will actually venture out into orbit for the first time on Thursday.

The mission, which will send a military communication satellite into orbit from Florida’s Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, is still on track for its 3 p.m. EST launch, according to Ars Technica. That’s because, unlike other groups like SpaceX and NASA, military spaceports in the U.S. have thus far escaped unscathed by the coronavirus pandemic.

Bare Bones

However, the mission has been altered somewhat by the pandemic, even if the launch itself is proceeding as scheduled. Ars Technica reports that the usual fanfare surrounding a rocket launch, like a social media event and other forms of outreach, have been cancelled.

That said, people can still watch the launch if they so desire on this livestream.

Final Piece

If the Space Force mission succeeds, the U.S. military will be able to bring online a new constellation of communication satellites. With the satellite that’s being launched today in place, the military will finally be able to replace the outdated network that it’s been relying on.

Five of the six satellites in the new network are already in place, Ars Technica reports. Some have been waiting in geostationary orbit for ten full years, as the military has been slowly sending them up since 2010.

READ MORE: For the first time, the US Space Force will actually go to space today [Ars Technica]

More on space: Space Force Working “Pretty Closely With Elon Musk and SpaceX”

Let's block ads! (Why?)


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2020-03-30 07:45:34Z
52780688449892

Sabtu, 28 Maret 2020

NASA picks SpaceX to deliver cargo to the Lunar Gateway - Engadget

SpaceX

In the next few years, SpaceX will fly cargo to an orbit farther than where the ISS is. NASA has awarded the space agency with a contract to deliver critical cargo, scientific experiments and other supplies to the Lunar Gateway, which will serve as the staging point for missions headed to the lunar south pole under the Artemis program. SpaceX is the first commercial provider the agency has chosen for the project, and it's guaranteed at least two missions when the station is up and running in lunar orbit. NASA expects to start building the lunar outpost in 2022.

The space company will use a variant of the Dragon capsule -- different from the one it's using for ISS missions -- that can carry more than 5 metric tons of cargo for its Gateway missions. It will fly on top of the company's super-heavy lift launch vehicle, the Falcon Heavy rocket. Unlike current Dragon capsules that only stay docked to the ISS for a few weeks, the Gateway capsule will stay at the station for six to 12 months at a time.

SpaceX President Gwynne Shotwell said in a statement:

"Returning to the Moon and supporting future space exploration requires affordable delivery of significant amounts of cargo. Through our partnership with NASA, SpaceX has been delivering scientific research and critical supplies to the International Space Station since 2012, and we are honored to continue the work beyond Earth's orbit and carry Artemis cargo to Gateway."

In this article: Gateway, NASA, space, SpaceX, tomorrow
All products recommended by Engadget are selected by our editorial team, independent of our parent company. Some of our stories include affiliate links. If you buy something through one of these links, we may earn an affiliate commission.

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2020-03-28 17:32:45Z
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Infinite Visions Were Hiding in the First Black Hole Image’s Rings - The New York Times

A year ago a team of radio astronomers startled the world with the first photograph of a black hole, lurking like the eye of Sauron in the heart of a distant galaxy. Now it appears there was more hiding in that image than we had imagined.

When you point a telescope at a black hole, it turns out you don’t just see the swirling sizzling doughnut of doom formed by matter falling in. You can also see the whole universe. Light from an infinite array of distant stars and galaxies can wrap around the black hole like ribbons around a maypole, again and again before coming back to your eye, or your telescope.

“The image of a black hole actually contains a nested series of rings,” said Michael Johnson of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, not unlike the rings that form around your bathtub drain.

Dr. Johnson was lead author of a study, describing the proposed method that would allow our telescopes to pry more secrets from the maw of any black hole, that was published in the March 18 edition of the journal Science Advances.

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A visualization demonstrating the individual photon rings that make up the first ever image of the supermassive black hole at galaxy M87.CreditCredit...Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

He and other authors of the paper are also members of the team operating the Event Horizon Telescope, a globe-girding network of radio telescopes that made that first image of a black hole. Their telescope saw these rings, but it didn’t have enough resolution to distinguish them, so they were blurred into a single feature.

The work, scientists with the project said, pointed toward new ways to shed light, so to speak, on the properties of black holes, particularly by adding a radio telescope in space to the existing E.H.T. network.

“This paper is, in my professional capacity, very cool!” Shep Doeleman, also of Harvard-Smithsonian and leader of the E.H.T. collaboration, said in an email.

Andrew Strominger, a Harvard theorist and co-author of the paper, said, “Understanding the intricate details of this historic experimental observation has forced theorists like myself to think about black holes in a new way.”

Black holes are potholes in eternity, so massive that they swallow even light. They were an unwelcome prediction of Albert Einstein’s theory of gravity, general relativity. It describes gravity as the warping of space-time by mass and energy. Too much in one place would cause space-time to sag without limit.

Einstein thought that was crazy, but astronomers have found that space is littered with these apocalyptic creatures. There seems to be a supermassive black hole, weighing millions or billions of times more than the Sun, lurking in the center of every galaxy.

The Event Horizon Telescope, named after the edge, the point of no return from a black hole, consisted of eight radio observatories on six mountains and four continents. All that observing power was yoked together by a technique called very-long baseline interferometry, to achieve the resolution of a telescope as big as the Earth. For 10 days in April 2017 they pointed it at the center of the giant galaxy M87 in the Virgo constellation, where there is a black hole as massive as six billion Suns belching tongues of radio fire.

The resultant image of gases heated to billions of degrees swirling around the cosmic drain matched the predictions of Einstein’s theory, as far as anyone can tell. A copy of the telescope’s vision now resides in the permanent photography collection of the Museum of Modern Art in New York.

But the Event Horizon’s work has barely begun, Dr. Doeleman said. For one thing the scientists are trying to make a movie of the supermassive black hole in the center of our own Milky Way galaxy; a summertime attempt was recently called off because of the coronavirus pandemic.

If they could increase the size of their event horizon network by adding an antenna in space, Dr. Doeleman said, they could gain enough resolution to see individual photon rings, as they are called, turning the event horizon into “a true cosmic laboratory for testing our most fundamental theories.”

As Peter Galison of Harvard, another E.H.T. collaborator said, “As we peer into these rings, we are looking at light from all over the visible universe, we are seeing farther and farther into the past, a movie, so to speak, of the history of the visible universe.”

Dr. Johnson said there were several space radio telescopes on the drawing boards that could fit the bill. One is a Russian mission called Millimetron, which is optimistically hoping to launch in 2029. Another is the Origins Space Telescope, which has been proposed to NASA for a launch in 2035.

Dr. Johnson said astronomers don’t know the mass of the M7 black hole they revealed last year to better than 10 percent accuracy, nor do they know if and how fast it is spinning. A space mission with a radio antenna would allow them to see the ring structure and determine the M87’s mass to an accuracy of a fraction of a percent, and could estimate its spin.

All this if Einstein was right, he added. Other theories of gravity and other types of compact objects (wormholes, naked singularities, boson stars) would suggest a very different ring structure.

“So this is a way of studying exactly what lies at the centers of galaxies, in a way that we can never learn from larger scale measurements such as the orbits of stars or gas,” Dr. Johnson said.

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2020-03-28 10:54:12Z
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